The life of the LNOBT Orchestra is inseparable from the activity of the Theatre. It made its debut in 1920 in Verdi's opera "La Traviata". The first conductor of the orchestra was J. Tallat-Kelpša. Since then the orchestra has played full scores of Verdi, Puccini, Wagner, Mozart, Gounod, Musorgsky, Rimsky-Korsakov, Tchaikovsky, Karnavičius, Račiūnas, Klova and many others. The LNOBT orchestra has performed under the baton of many famous Lithuanian conductors, such as M.Bukša, L.Hofmekleris, V.Marijošius, A.Kalinauskas, I.Altermanas, R.Geniušas, V.Viržonis, Ch.Potašinskas, J.Aleksa, G.Rinkevičius, J.Domarkas, etc. At the present time principal conductor of LNOBT is Liutauras Balčiūnas. Jonas Aleksa, Vytautas Viržonis, Martynas Staškus, Alvydas Šulčys also conduct the orchestra.

The LNOBT Orchestra gives its independent concerts too. Together with the LNOBT Chorus it has prepared a lot of symphonic - choral musical compositions. An example could be one act ballets, where the part of the orchestra is very important: Bizet - Schedrin "Carmen", Ravel's "Daphne and Chloe", Mendelssohn - Bartholdy's "A Midsummer Night's Dream". The performances of the latest ballet premiere Stravinsky's "The Rite of Spring" and Verdi's "Requiem", dedicated to the 80th anniversary of LNOBT, became of considerable importance to the orchestra too.